Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic infection caused by the soil fungus Sporothrix schenckii.  The characteristic infection involves suppurating subcutaneous nodules that progress proximally along lymphatic channels (lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis). The primary lesion develops at the site of cutaneous inoculation, typically in the distal upper extremities. Patients with these forms are typically afebrile and not systemically [...]

Thrombosis of the splenic vein is a rare, but important, cause of variceal bleeding. The blood, blocked from its usual route, flows through the gastric veins (in the stomach), continuing towards the liver. Large gastric varices, seen on EGD, develop as the blood traverses the stomach; later, these may rupture and bleed.  Esophageal varices do not occur because the [...]

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that predominantly affects the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis is manifested by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in affected organ tissues. The male-to-female ratio is approximately 2:1 while the incidence peaks in persons aged 25-35 years. A second peak occurs for women aged 45-65 years. [...]

Types of Breast Nipple Discharge Discharge color Duct involvement Risk Evaluation Milky more than one galactorrhea due to medicines or anovulation confirm fat globules in the discharge, draw a serum TSH and prolactin for thyroid and hypothalamic disorders Clear, watery or yellowish one duct breast cancer or fibrocystic breast condition exam, mammogram, ductogram and cytology [...]

History Scarlet fever generally has a 1- to 4-day incubation period. Emergence of the illness tends to be abrupt, usually heralded by sudden onset of fever associated with sore throat, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, myalgias, and malaise. The characteristic rash appears 12-48 hours after onset of fever. In the untreated patient, fever peaks by [...]

Asthma is an airway disorder that causes respiratory hypersensitivity, inflammation, and intermittent obstruction. Asthma commonly causes constriction of the smooth muscles in the airway, wheezing, and dyspnea. Exercise-induced asthma is an asthma variant defined as a condition in which exercise or vigorous physical activity triggers acute bronchospasm in persons with heightened airway reactivity. It is [...]

von Willebrand’s Disease is a mild manageable bleeding disorder in which clinically severe hemorrhage manifests only in the face of trauma or invasive procedures. The most common symptoms include nosebleeds, skin bruises, and hematomas. Prolonged bleeding from trivial wounds, oral cavity bleeding, and excessive menstrual bleeding are common. Gastrointestinal bleeding is rare. A common but nonspecific [...]