Caused by infective endocarditis, aortic dissection and trauma.
- Stroke volume declines and ventricular diastolic pressure rises.
- Premature closure of mitral valve may be seen by echocardiography.
- The first heart sound is soft or absent.
- Diastolic murmur is characteristically brief.
- Patient presents with pulmonary congestion, edema and hypotension.
- Severe acute regurgitation requires prompt surgical treatment. This may be lifesaving.